MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic states. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycolysis starts with one molecule of glucose and ends with two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules, a total of four ATP molecules, and two molecules of NADH.

Detailed explanation-3: -First ATP is produced when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ⇢ 1, 3 diphosphoglycerate. Secondly ATP is produced when phosphoenolpyruvate ⇢ pyruvate. These reactions occur twice for both molecules of 3-phosphate. Thus, a total of 4 ATPs are produced during glycolysis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Two ATP molecules are invested in the first half and four ATP molecules are formed by substrate phosphorylation during the second half. This produces a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules for the cell.