MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation follows glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+. Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid (lactate) and NAD+. The NAD+ cycles back to allow glycolysis to continue so more ATP is made.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fermentation happens in anaerobic conditions (i.e., without oxygen). Fermentation begins with glycolysis which breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules and produces two ATP (net) and two NADH. Fermentation allows glucose to be continuously broken down to make ATP due to the recycling of NADH to NAD+.

Detailed explanation-3: -During glycolysis, glucose is metabolized into two molecules of pyruvate. Aside from pyruvate, glycolysis also gives rise to two molecules of NADH, which is the reduced form of NAD. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate then undergoes fermentation in order for the cell to synthesize ATP.

Detailed explanation-4: -During the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) and in the cells lacking mitochondria, anaerobic glycolysis prevails. The pyruvate is reduced to lactate as NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ by lactate dehydrogenase. This process is an important source of ATP for cells that lack mitochondria such as erythrocytes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that’s performed by many types of organisms and cells. In fermentation, the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end.