MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient. An important example is the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -This process is referred to as chemiosmosis because of the difference in H+ ion concentration between the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. The electrochemical gradient generated by H+ ions pumped into the intermembrane space is termed the ‘proton motive’ force.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chemiosmosis is a biological process wherein ions (usually protons, H+) are moved to the other side of the membrane resulting in the generation of an electrochemical gradient that can be used to drive ATP synthesis.

Detailed explanation-4: -The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.