MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Visceral pain is unique; it is different to somatic pain. Visceral pain is not evoked from all viscera, not always linked to visceral injury, referred to other locations, diffuse and poorly localized and accompanied by motor and autonomic reflexes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Visceral pain is a poorly defined, midline sensation but after minutes or hours becomes ‘referred’ to a somatic region when it becomes sharper and better localized. Referred pain may manifest either with or without hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia is more common and can be demonstrated by changes in pain threshold.

Detailed explanation-3: -Visceral pain is diffuse, difficult to localize and often referred to a distant, usually superficial, structure. It may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, changes in vital signs as well as emotional manifestations. The pain may be described as sickening, deep, squeezing, and dull.

Detailed explanation-4: -Definition. Referred pain is pain perceived in a region innervated by nerves other than those that innervate the source of the pain (Merskey and Bogduk 1994). Visceral referred pain is explicitly Visceral Nociception and Pain that becomes referred.