NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -Pyruvate dehydrogenase and carboxylase enzymes are localized to the mitochondrial matrix and, therefore, pyruvate must be transported from the cytosol through both the outer and the inner mitochondrial membranes.

Detailed explanation-2: -11.3. Pyruvate carboxylase is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme. Its activity is highest in liver and kidney, where it has a gluconeogenic role. It is also expressed widely in other organs, including brain, where it serves an anaplerotic function by providing oxaloacetate for the TCA cycle.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pyruvate carboxylase belongs to the family of biotin-dependent carboxylases and is composed of four identical subunits (∼130 kDa each) organized as a tetramer. It is present in many organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Pyruvate carboxylase is situated in mitochondria in most eukaryotic organisms.

Detailed explanation-4: -Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a biotin-and ATP-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the anaplerotic carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a substrate for gluconeogenesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a large multi-subunit complex of molecular mass 9.5 MDa that is primarily located in the mitochondrial matrix where it catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation and oxidation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH [1].