NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -The majority of genes carried in a cell’s DNA specify the amino acid sequence of proteins; the RNA molecules that are copied from these genes (which ultimately direct the synthesis of proteins) are called messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Translation, then, is one stage in the process in which the cell’s genetic information is used to create proteins. The cell’s DNA is first transcribed in a temporary copy (mRNA), which is then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -The nucleotide sequence of a gene, through the medium of mRNA, is translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein by rules that are known as the genetic code. This code was deciphered in the early 1960s. The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule is read consecutively in groups of three.

Detailed explanation-4: -To convert the three-letter words (codons) of nucleic acids to the one-letter, amino acid words of proteins, a cell uses a molecular interpreter, a type of RNA called transfer RNA, abbreviated tRNA (Figure 10.15).