NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -monocytogenes infection decreases the amount of TNF- produced, correlating with increased bacterial burden (24). Decreased neutrophil activation due to deficiency of FPR1 or 4-1BB, also resulted in a decrease in TNF- production (42, 71). Although the precise role of TNF- produced by neutrophils during L.

Detailed explanation-2: -Viral infections are a common cause of neutropenia, due either to bone marrow suppression or to peripheral destruction. The agents commonly implicated include Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A and B viruses, parvovirus, Influenzavirus species, and measles.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the absence of neutrophils, the Th1 response exacerbates and promotes bacterial removal, indicating that Brucella-infected neutrophils dampen adaptive immunity. This modulatory effect opens a window for bacterial dispersion in host tissues before adaptive immunity becomes fully activated.

Detailed explanation-4: -Acute bacterial infections, such as pneumococcal, staphylococcal, or leptospiral infections, are the most frequent causes of infection-induced neutrophilia. Certain viral infections, such as herpes complex, varicella, and EBV infections, may also cause neutrophilia.