NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -The acid-fast cell wall consists of a thin, inner layer of peptidoglycan linked to a layer of arabinogalactin, which in turn is linked to an outer membrane containing mycolic acids and overlaid with a variety of polypeptides and glycolipids.

Detailed explanation-2: -Acid-fast bacteria are gram-positive, but in addition to peptidoglycan, the outer membrane or envelope of the acid-fast cell wall of contains large amounts of glycolipids, especially mycolic acids that in the genus Mycobacterium, make up approximately 60% of the acid-fast cell wall (Figure 2.3C.

Detailed explanation-3: -The acid-fastness of Mycobacteria is due to the high mycolic acid content of their cell walls, which is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. Some bacteria may also be partially acid-fast, such as Nocardia.

Detailed explanation-4: -Acid-fast bacteria contain mycolic acid in their cell wall that is different from non-acid-fast bacteria (does not contain mycolic acid in their cell wall).

Detailed explanation-5: -Acid-fast bacteria are those bacteria that do not get decolorized by acid-alcohol after being stained with carbol fuchsin. Instead, they retain the red color of the dye due to their high lipid content in their cell walls, consisting of mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan (LAM).