NURSING EXAM QUESTIONS
MICROBIOLOGY
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Dilation & increase of permeability of small blood vessels, constriction of the bronchi, & mucus production
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increases chemotaxis & phagocytosis, stimulate other cells to secrete inflammatory cytokines, induce fever
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attracts monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, T-lymphocytes & eosinophils via chemotaxis
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dilate or constrict blood vessels, stimulates inflammation & pain
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dilation of small blood vessels; constriction of the bronchi; chemotaxis of leukocytes
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Detailed explanation-1: -TNF-alpha not only has a chemotactic activity but may also modify cell migration via its action on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. The proteolytic activities of the MMPs secreted in the muscles were thus also assessed by gelatin zymography.
Detailed explanation-2: -Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) is a cytokine that has pleiotropic effects on various cell types. It has been identified as a major regulator of inflammatory responses and is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases [1].
Detailed explanation-3: -Inflammation Is a Chain Reaction TNF is a major player when it comes to inflammation. Think of the white blood cells that make tumor necrosis factor as the army. TNF is the signal that tells the rest of the defense units where to go and what to do.
Detailed explanation-4: -Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, TNF-a, cachectin) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine that exerts multiple biologic effects. TNF was originally identified as an anti-tumor agent that induced necrotic cell death in sarcomas and other tumor types.