NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -Capsules act as a sort of magic cloak, protecting bacteria from toxic compounds and desiccation and allowing them to adhere to surfaces and to escape the immune system of the host.

Detailed explanation-2: -Capsules contain water which protects the bacteria against desiccation. They also exclude bacterial viruses and most hydrophobic toxic materials such as detergents and help the cells to adhere to surfaces. The possession of capsule makes some pathogenic bacteria resistant to phagocytosis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Capsule-Some species of bacteria have a third protective covering, a capsule made up of polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates). Capsules play a number of roles, but the most important are to keep the bacterium from drying out and to protect it from phagocytosis (engulfing) by larger microorganisms.

Detailed explanation-4: -Most capsules are hydrophilic (“water-loving”) and may help the bacterium avoid desiccation (dehydration) by preventing water loss. Capsules can protect a bacterial cell from ingestion and destruction by white blood cells (phagocytosis).

Detailed explanation-5: -Capsule helps bacterium to hide from host’s immune system due to its gummy appearance.