NURSING ANM AND GNM

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NURSING EXAM QUESTIONS

PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
A 40-year-old man experiences weakness and easy fatigability of 2 months’ duration. Physical examination yields no remarkable findings. Laboratory studies show markedly elevated serum calcium and serum parathyroid hormone, with low serum phosphate level. What is the most likely cause of these findings?
A
Chronic renal failure
B
Parathyroid adenoma
C
Parathyroid carcinoma
D
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -In primary hyperparathyroidism, serum phosphate levels are often low because of the phosphaturic effects of parathyroid hormone. Serum phosphate levels may also be low in the presence of a malignant growth that secretes ectopic parathyroid hormone or parathyroid-related peptide.

Detailed explanation-2: -Acting as an endocrine hormone, PTHrP leads to hypercalcemia by stimulating calcium resorption from bone and reabsorption in the kidneys.

Detailed explanation-3: -Elevated preoperative levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in patients with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism are correlated with postoperative hypocalcemia and mortality.

Detailed explanation-4: -In Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, you will have a low or normal calcium level with a raised parathyroid hormone level. In kidney disease, your blood phosphate level can be high because your kidneys cannot remove phosphate in your urine.

There is 1 question to complete.
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