NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -Secretory IgA (SIgA) serves as the first line of defense in protecting the intestinal epithelium from enteric toxins and pathogenic microorganisms.

Detailed explanation-2: -Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is present in all mammals and birds. It is found in large amounts in the mucosal secretions of gastrointestinal tract and in other secretions, including saliva and breast milk [1, 2]. However, IgA is also present in serum at lower concentration (about 2–3 mg per mL) [2, 3].

Detailed explanation-3: -Traditionally, IgA is thought as a noninflammatory antibody at mucosal sites. Due to its polymeric structure and the oligosaccharide side chains of SC [45], sIgA is concentrated in the mucus out layer [46], noncovalently cross-linking microorganisms, promoting microorganisms clump together in situ.