NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -TPHA is an indirect hemagglutination assay used for the detection and titration of antibodies against the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test is a treponemal test for the serologic detection of antibodies to the various species and subspecies of pathogenic Treponema, the causative agents of syphilis, yaws, pinta, bejel, and endemic syphilis.

Detailed explanation-3: -TPHA is usually performed in cases having titer ≥1:8, and if found positive, then they are considered syphilitic and are treated for the same, leading to large percentage of low titer of VDRL cases being left untreated as they are not confirmed by TPHA.

Detailed explanation-4: -The FTA-ABS test is a blood test to detect antibodies to the bacteria Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis. This test is used when a screening test for syphilis is positive to confirm that there is a true infection.

Detailed explanation-5: -Silver-staining has been evaluated for the detection of T. pallidum in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFEP) tissue biopsies, principally from primary and secondary lesion biopsies (CG et al., 2004).