NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -Macrophages produce a variety of factors that stimulate the proliferation, dif-ferentiation, and activation of fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and stem and progenitor cells that facilitate tissue repair.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pro-wound healing macrophages produce elevated levels of growth factors such as PDGF, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), VEGF and TGF-1 (Murray and Wynn, 2011; Vannella and Wynn, 2017), which aid in cellular proliferation, granulation tissue formation, and angiogenesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -When macrophages are exposed to inflammatory stimuli, they secrete cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12. Although monocytes and macrophages are the main sources of these cytokines, they are also produced by activated lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts.

Detailed explanation-4: -Following inflammasome activation, pyrop-totic macrophages released tissue factor (TF), an essential initiator of coagulation cascades.

Detailed explanation-5: -Macrophages Produce TGF--Induced (-ig-h3) following Ingestion of Apoptotic Cells and Regulate MMP14 Levels and Collagen Turnover in Fibroblasts.