NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -The liver metabolises a wide range of drugs the end result being to produce water soluble compounds which can be excreted in the bile. This results from phase 1 reactions mediated by cytochrome p450 including oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis reactions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Most drugs must pass through the liver, which is the primary site for drug metabolism. Once in the liver, enzymes convert prodrugs to active metabolites or convert active drugs to inactive forms. The liver’s primary mechanism for metabolizing drugs is via a specific group of cytochrome P-450 enzymes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most drugs, particularly water-soluble drugs and their metabolites, are eliminated largely by the kidneys in urine. Therefore, drug dosing depends largely on kidney function. Some drugs are eliminated by excretion in the bile (a greenish yellow fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder).

Detailed explanation-4: -Although many sites of metabolism and excretion exist, the chief organ of metabolism is the liver, while the organ primarily tasked with excretion is the kidney. Any significant dysfunction in either organ can result in the accumulation of the drug or its metabolites in toxic concentrations.