PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The caudate lobe is often called an independent segment. Three vertical planes and a transverse plane divide the liver into four sectors and eight segments. The vertical planes divide the liver into four sectors. The transverse plane divides the liver into superior and inferior segments.

Detailed explanation-2: -Based on Couinaud classification, the liver is divided into eight independent functional segments (Figs. 6 and 7). Each segment has its own portal pedicle consisting of the hepatic arterial branch, portal branch, and the bile duct with a sepa-rate hepatic venous branch that provides outflow (Fig.

Detailed explanation-3: -Anatomically the liver has four lobes: right, left, caudate, and quadrate. The quadrate lobe is located on the inferior surface of the right lobe.

Detailed explanation-4: -Segment 9 (Sg 9) is known as the paracaval process and is bounded by the anterior surface of the IVC, the middle hepatic vein (MHV), and the right hepatic vein (RHV). Also shown is the portal vein (PV).