PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During exercise, your body may need three or four times your normal cardiac output, because your muscles need more oxygen when you exert yourself. During exercise, your heart typically beats faster so that more blood gets out to your body.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon dioxide excess causes an increase in ventilation volume by virtue of a greater depth of breathing, the frequency decreasing slightly. The heart rate goes up with increasing carbon dioxide concentrations.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cardiac output during exercise increases greatly owing to the relatively high heart rates that are achieved during exercise. Heart rate increases proportionately with workload until heart rates close to maximal are attained.

Detailed explanation-4: -Improves the muscles’ ability to pull oxygen out of the blood, reducing the need for the heart to pump more blood to the muscles. Reduces stress hormones that can put an extra burden on the heart. Works like a beta blocker to slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure.