PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Arterioles account for most of the resistance in pulmonary circulation because they are more rigid than larger arteries. Furthermore, the capillaries branch off of arterioles and are a single-cell layer. This thin layer allows for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste with tissues and organs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Arterioles are also called resistance vessels due to their ability to increase vascular resistance, which is a significant determinant of blood pressure.

Detailed explanation-3: -Peripheral vascular resistance (systemic vascular resistance, SVR) is the resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure, the flow of blood and is also a component of cardiac function. When blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction) this leads to an increase in SVR.

Detailed explanation-4: -The afferent and efferent arterioles are considered to be the most important resistance vessels within the renal vasculature, but there are indications that a pressure drop occurs along the interlobular artery.