PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The endocardium is lined by endothelial cells, which modulate many aspects of normal hemostasis. In normal states, the endothelial cells are antithrombotic, preventing circulating cells from attaching and thus allowing normal flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels.

Detailed explanation-2: -The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart. It lines the inner surfaces of the heart chambers, including the heart valves.

Detailed explanation-3: -The epicardium, or the innermost layer of the pericardium, is the outermost layer of the heart itself. It is composed of mesothelial cells, fat, and connective tissue. It is adjacent to the myocardium, the middle muscular layer. The innermost layer is referred to as the endocardium.

Detailed explanation-4: -Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that, during embryogenesis, form a lining on the inside of the developing heart, which is maintained throughout life.