PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels as a result of the relaxation of the blood vessel’s muscular walls. Vasodilation is a mechanism to enhance blood flow to areas of the body that are lacking oxygen and/or nutrients.

Detailed explanation-2: -When vasodilation occurs, the blood vessel lumens become larger as the muscles of the blood vessel walls dilate, causing the lumen to widen. The human body keeps these two mechanisms in balance to ensure that blood flows at the correct speed and in the proper amounts.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels.

Detailed explanation-4: -Specifically in arteries, vasoconstriction decreases blood flow as the smooth muscle in the walls of the tunica media contracts, making the lumen narrower and increasing blood pressure.