PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Chromatin fibers can unwind for DNA replication and transcription. When cells replicate, duplicated chromatins condense further to become a lot like chromosomes, visible under microscope which are separated into daughter cells during cell division.

Detailed explanation-2: -As the cell enters mitosis, chromatin condensation leads to the formation of metaphase chromosomes consisting of two identical sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are held together at the centromere, which is seen as a constricted chromosomal region.

Detailed explanation-3: -This is accomplished by wrapping the DNA around structural histone proteins, which act as scaffolding for the DNA to be coiled around. The entire structure is called a nucleosome, each of which includes an octamer of histone proteins and 146 to 147 base pairs of DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -As shown in the animation, a DNA molecule wraps around histone proteins to form tight loops called nucleosomes. These nucleosomes coil and stack together to form fibers called chromatin. Chromatin, in turn, loops and folds with the help of additional proteins to form chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Chromatins are “unwound” condensed structures whereas chromosomes are highly packaged and more condensed than chromatins. Thus, chromosomes are the prominent form of chromatins (or genetic material) during cell division.