PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person’s genes. Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus.

Detailed explanation-2: -It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genes are segments of DNA that contain the code for a specific protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -A single gene can produce multiple protein sequences, depending on which exons are included in the mRNA transcript, which carries instructions to the cell’s protein-building machinery.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thus, a single gene, or transcription unit, can code for multiple proteins or other gene products, depending on how the exons are spliced back together. In fact, scientists have estimated that there may be as many as 500, 000 or more different human proteins, all coded by a mere 20, 000 protein-coding genes.