PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When a proto-oncogene is changed so that too many copies are made or it becomes more active than normal, it is called an oncogene. Oncogenes may cause normal cells to become cancer cells and grow in the body.

Detailed explanation-2: -Properties of oncogenes include: Mutations in proto-oncogenes are usually acquired. Having a mutation in just 1 of the pair of a particular proto-oncogene is usually enough to cause a change in cell growth and the formation of a tumor. For this reason, oncogenes are said to be dominant at the cellular level.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proto-oncogenes are a group of genes that cause normal cells to become cancerous when they are mutated (Adamson, 1987; Weinstein & Joe, 2006). Mutations in proto-oncogenes are typically dominant in nature, and the mutated version of a proto-oncogene is called an oncogene.

Detailed explanation-4: -Function of Oncogenes Oncogenes are a structurally and functionally heterogeneous group of genes, whose protein products act pleiotropically and affect multiple complex regulatory cascades within the cell. They regulate cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation, as well as control of the cell cycle and apoptosis.