PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Oncogenes in their proto-oncogene state drive the cell cycle forward, allowing cells to proceed from one cell cycle stage to the next. This highly regulated process becomes dysregulated due to activating genetic alterations that lead to cellular transformation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Overexpression of growth factors or a lack of suppressor proteins can lead to rapid uncontrolled cell division. As cells proliferate without regulation, tumors occur that can become deadly if not treated. Mitosis occurs infinitely.

Detailed explanation-3: -An oncogene is a mutated gene that has the potential to cause cancer. Before an oncogene becomes mutated, it is called a proto-oncogene, and it plays a role in regulating normal cell division.

Detailed explanation-4: -A proto-oncogene normally functions in a way much like the gas pedal on a car. It helps the cell grow and divide. An oncogene is like a gas pedal that is stuck down, which causes the cell to divide out of control.