PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -p53 plays a prominent role as a facilitator of DNA repair by halting the cell cycle to allow time for the repair machineries to restore genome stability. In addition, p53 took on diverse roles to also directly impact the activity of various DNA-repair systems.

Detailed explanation-2: -In response to various cellular stress, P53 can activate the transcriptional upregulation of CDKN1A, which encodes for cell cycle inhibitor P21 [30]. P53 can also activate other genes like GADD45A, which also contributes to cell cycle arrest [31]. Following DNA damage, a myriad of DNA-protein activation occurs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Activation of p53 in response to DNA damage is associated with a rapid increase in its levels and with an increased ability of p53 to bind DNA and mediate transcriptional activation. This then leads to the activation of a number of genes whose products trigger cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, or DNA repair.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the cell, p53 protein binds DNA, which in turn stimulates another gene to produce a protein called p21 that interacts with a cell division-stimulating protein (cdk2).