PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -TP53. The p53 protein is involved in DNA damage repair and cell cycle checkpoint control (251). It plays critical roles in maintaining genetic stability, and TP53 is the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene in human cancers (251).

Detailed explanation-2: -Most damage to DNA is repaired by removal of the damaged bases followed by resynthesis of the excised region. Some lesions in DNA, however, can be repaired by direct reversal of the damage, which may be a more efficient way of dealing with specific types of DNA damage that occur frequently.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genome stability is a feature of every organism to preserve and faithfully transmit the genetic material from generation to generation or from one somatic cell to another.

Detailed explanation-4: -The precise copying of genetic information during DNA replication provides genetic stability to living organisms. Errors introduced during DNA replication may compromise the survival of the organism. The fidelity of DNA replication is accomplished mainly by the proofreading function of DNA polymerases.