PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Homologous chromosomes are matched pairs containing the same genes in identical locations along their length. Diploid organisms inherit one copy of each homologous chromosome from each parent; all together, they are considered a full set of chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -During meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up and recombination occurs between them. This results in gametes with unique combinations of alleles on each chromosome and therefore unique individuals.

Detailed explanation-3: -During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses, a step unique to meiosis. The paired chromosomes are called bivalents, and the formation of chiasmata caused by genetic recombination becomes apparent.