PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The portion of the sodium-potassium pump that crosses the membrane is composed of a bundle of alpha helices. Many other membrane-bound proteins have similar bundles of alpha helices.

Detailed explanation-2: -Overall, the structure of the sodium-potassium-pump is a transmembrane protein with three subunits labeled , , and FXYD.

Detailed explanation-3: -The protein consists of three different subunits making it an heterotrimer. The subunit contains about 1100 amino acids and is the largest one. The upper half of this subunit is embedded inside the membrane while the bottom half is located in the cytoplasm. The subunit has about 100 amino acid residues.

Detailed explanation-4: -[3][4] The Na+K+-ATPase pump helps to maintain osmotic equilibrium and membrane potential in cells. The sodium and potassium move against the concentration gradients. The Na+ K+-ATPase pump maintains the gradient of a higher concentration of sodium extracellularly and a higher level of potassium intracellularly.