PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A normal cell with unfixable DNA damaged will undergo apoptosis. A cancer cell with unfixable DNA damage will not undergo apoptosis and will instead continue dividing.

Detailed explanation-2: -But if the DNA damage occurs to a gene that makes a DNA repair protein, a cell has less ability to repair itself. So errors will build up in other genes over time and allow a cancer to form. Scientists have found damaged DNA repair genes in some cancers, including bowel cancer.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA damage has been long recognized as causal factor for cancer development. When erroneous DNA repair leads to mutations or chromosomal aberrations affecting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, cells undergo malignant transformation resulting in cancerous growth.

Detailed explanation-4: -Overall, the cell cycle has many regulatory steps that are crucial to maintaining homeostasis inside of the cells during the replication of DNA and the division of cells. Mutation inside specific genes can lead to the loss of balance inside the cells, thus resulting in cancer growth.