PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -p53 is a multi-functional protein that has a major impact on the commitment of a cell to division because it acts when there is damaged DNA in cells that are undergoing the preparatory processes during G1. If damaged DNA is detected, p53 halts the cell cycle and recruits enzymes to repair the DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -After UV-induced DNA damage, activated p53 induces the expression of p48 and XPC, thus increasing the cell’s capacity to locate and target DNA damage for repair. At least two observations support the trans requirement for p53 in regulating NER.

Detailed explanation-3: -A gene that makes a protein that is found inside the nucleus of cells and plays a key role in controlling cell division and cell death.

Detailed explanation-4: -By ensuring that cells don’t divide when their DNA is damaged, p53 prevents mutations (changes in DNA) from being passed on to daughter cells. When p53 is defective or missing, mutations can accumulate quickly, potentially leading to cancer.

Detailed explanation-5: -In most cases, the p53 gene is mutated, giving rise to a stable mutant protein whose accumulation is regarded as a hallmark of cancer cells. Mutant p53 proteins not only lose their tumor suppressive activities but often gain additional oncogenic functions that endow cells with growth and survival advantages.