PATHOLOGY MCQ
CELL DAMAGE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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When DNA damage is repaired.
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When cells are removed from the cell cycle.
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When DNA damage cannot be repaired.
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None of the above
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Detailed explanation-1: -At the cellular level, damaged DNA that is not properly repaired can lead to genomic instability, apoptosis, or senescence, which can greatly affect the organism’s development and ageing process.
Detailed explanation-2: -Following the induction of DNA damage, a prominent route of cell inactivation is apoptosis. During the last ten years, specific DNA lesions that trigger apoptosis have been identified. These include O6-methylguanine, base N-alkylations, bulky DNA adducts, DNA cross-links and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).
Detailed explanation-3: -If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. By stopping cells with mutated or damaged DNA from dividing, p53 helps prevent the development of tumors.
Detailed explanation-4: -DNA is an important genetic material of cells. DNA damage can be repaired to a certain extent (de Almeida et al., 2020). When a cell’s DNA cannot be repaired, apoptotic programmed death is triggered to remove the damaged cell.