PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Wee1 is the principal gatekeeper for both G2/M and S-phase checkpoints, where it plays a key role in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair.

Detailed explanation-2: -Protein machineries embedded in the membranes of our cells act as ‘gatekeepers’ controlling everything transported in and out of every cell in our bodies. Because these machineries, called membrane embedded proteins, are vital to the way our bodies function they are the target of at least 40% of drugs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Two groups of proteins, called cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), are responsible for the progress of the cell through the various checkpoints. The levels of the four cyclin proteins fluctuate throughout the cell cycle in a predictable pattern.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cyclin A/CDK2 terminates the S phase by phosphorylating CDC6 and E2F1; it drives the cell-cycle transition from S phase to G2 phase, and subsequently activates CDK1 by cyclin A, leading to cells entering the M phase. Upon mitosis, the CDK1 activity is maintained by the complex cyclin B/CDK1.