PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The most important hormone that the pancreas produces is insulin. Insulin is released by the ‘beta cells’ in the islets of Langerhans in response to food. Its role is to lower glucose levels in the bloodstream and promote the storage of glucose in fat, muscle, liver and other body tissues.

Detailed explanation-2: -Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by cells of the pancreas. The human pancreas contains one to two million pancreatic islets [17] housing different endocrine cells, primarily insulin-secreting cells, glucagon-producing cells, and somatostatin-secreting cells [18].

Detailed explanation-3: -Type 1 diabetes is a serious disease that affects many children and adolescents. The disease causes the pancreas to stop producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. When blood sugar levels are too high, the smallest blood vessels in the body eventually become damaged.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are specialised areas within the pancreas called islets of Langerhans (the term insulin comes from the Latin insula that means island). The islets of Langerhans are made up of different type of cells that make hormones, the commonest ones are the beta cells, which produce insulin.

Detailed explanation-5: -Insulin is essential in maintaining normal blood glucose levels and is produced and secreted by the beta cells of pancreas in response to increased blood glucose levels.