PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -What is insulin resistance? Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, happens when cells in your muscles, fat and liver don’t respond as they should to insulin, a hormone your pancreas makes that’s essential for life and regulating blood glucose (sugar) levels.

Detailed explanation-2: -Insulin is the major hormone controlling critical energy functions such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Insulin activates the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IR), which phosphorylates and recruits different substrate adaptors such as the IRS family of proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -Insulin receptors (comprising 2 and 2 subunits) are present on the surface of target cells such as liver, muscle and fat. Insulin binding results in tyrosine autophosphorylation of the subunit. This then phosphorylates other substrates so that a signalling cascade is initiated and biological responses ensue.