PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Through its various hormones, particularly glucagon and insulin, the pancreas maintains blood glucose levels within a very narrow range of 4–6 mM. This preservation is accomplished by the opposing and balanced actions of glucagon and insulin, referred to as glucose homeostasis.

Detailed explanation-2: -After a meal, insulin is secreted into the bloodstream. When it reaches insulin-sensitive cells-liver cells, fat cells, and striated muscle-insulin stimulates them to take up and metabolize glucose. Insulin synthesis and release from beta cells is stimulated by rising concentrations of blood glucose.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ordinarily the concentration of glucose in the blood is maintained at a relatively stable concentration from 80 to 120 mg/dl.