PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Following the discovery of ANF, related peptides such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) were described thus establishing a natriuretic peptide (NP) family. ANF and BNP are mainly produced in the heart and so they are referred to as cardiac natriuretic peptides (cNPs).

Detailed explanation-2: -Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are secreted from the cardiac atria and ventricles, respectively.

Detailed explanation-3: -The responsible molecule later was found to be atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), also called atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (de Bold, 1985). Under high blood volume and pressure, heart muscle cells release ANP into the circulation. In the kidney, ANP enhances salt and water excretion.

Detailed explanation-4: -The heart functions as an endocrine organ, releasing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone, in response to sodium and fluid overload. Specifically, ANP is released by cardiac myocytes in response to atrial distension. As a hormone, ANP has far-reaching multiorgan effects.

Detailed explanation-5: -The natriuretic peptide family consists of three biologically active peptides: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain (or B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Among these, ANP and BNP are secreted by the heart and act as cardiac hormones.