PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Melatonin is a hormone that your brain produces in response to darkness. It helps with the timing of your circadian rhythms (24-hour internal clock) and with sleep. Being exposed to light at night can block melatonin production. Research suggests that melatonin plays other important roles in the body beyond sleep.

Detailed explanation-2: -Melatonin plays an important role in regulating human sleep. Administration of sustained-release or transdermal formulation melatonin reduces sleep latency, increases total sleep time, and improves sleep maintenance [12, 13].

Detailed explanation-3: -Your body likely produces enough melatonin for its general needs. However, evidence suggests that melatonin supplements promote sleep and are safe for short-term use. Melatonin can be used to treat delayed sleep phase and circadian rhythm sleep disorders in the blind and provide some insomnia relief.

Detailed explanation-4: -Melatonin acts on oscillators according to a well-defined phase-response curve (PRC). PRC is characterized by phase-advance zone (early in the evening before the beginning of the nocturnal melatonin production), phase-delay zone (in the late night/early morning hours), and a non-responsive dead.