PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -As already discussed, the autoimmune destruction of the -cells in type 1 diabetes causes abnormalities of the endocrine pancreas that are more complex than a simple lack of insulin. These include an insulin/glucagon imbalance in the portal circulation and defects in glucagon counterregulation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease in which destruction of pancreatic -cells causes insulin deficiency which leads to hyperglycemia and a tendency to ketoacidosis. Excesses glucose levels must be managed by exogenous insulin injections several times a day.