PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When the blood sugar levels rise, as they do after a meal, insulin is released by the islets of Langerhans. This hormone helps sugar to be absorbed from the bloodstream into the cells of the body. Insulin also allows the liver and the muscles to store sugar, as well as keeping the liver from producing more sugar.

Detailed explanation-2: -The pancreatic -cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion results in the chronic hyperglycemia that characterizes type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which currently afflicts >450 million people worldwide.

Detailed explanation-3: -During digestion, your pancreas makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches. Your pancreas also helps your digestive system by making hormones. These are chemical messengers that travel through your blood.

Detailed explanation-4: -The main function of the pancreas is to maintain healthy blood sugar levels. It is a large gland located behind the stomach. It produces insulin, glucagon, and other hormones. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not use insulin properly (called insulin resistance).

Detailed explanation-5: -In order for the human body to maintain the correct level of glucose (blood sugar) within a very narrow range, it needs two hormones: insulin and glucagon, which are secreted by the pancreas (pancreatic endocrine hormones) (Al-Husseina et al., 2021).