PATHOLOGY

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PATHOLOGY MCQ

GENETICS AND DISEASE

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
A genome-wide association study involves searching the genomes of many people in order to find genetic variations associated with common diseases such as cancer, asthma, and diabetes. These studies are possible because of computer databases that allow researchers to compare the genomes of people who do not have a particular condition with the genomes of people who have the condition. In order to do this type of testing, researchers need blood samples or cheek swabs from people. Obtaining these samples is necessary because blood and cheek cells contain-
A
plasma and platelets
B
A complete set of DNA
C
essential proteins and amino acids
D
a large number of neutrophils
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA was discovered in 1869 by Swiss researcher Friedrich Miescher, who was originally trying to study the composition of lymphoid cells (white blood cells). Instead, he isolated a new molecule he called nuclein (DNA with associated proteins) from a cell nucleus.

Detailed explanation-2: -A genome is the complete set of genetic information in an organism. It provides all of the information the organism requires to function. In living organisms, the genome is stored in long molecules of DNA called chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA encodes information through the order, or sequence, of the nucleotides along each strand. Each base-A, C, T, or G-can be considered as a letter in a four-letter alphabet that spells out biological messages in the chemical structure of the DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -DNA replication is the process by which genetic information is duplicated to produce two identical copies of an organism’s genome [1].

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