PATHOLOGY

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PATHOLOGY MCQ

GENETICS AND DISEASE

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
A vaccine is a substance that contains all or part of a noninfectious version of a disease-causing organism. When the vaccine is administered to a person, the person’s immune system attacks the noninfectious version of the organism and learns to recognize its surface proteins. The next time the immune system comes in contact with the same surface proteins, it has a defense already prepared in order to respond quickly to the invading organism. In this way, a vaccine gives people immunity to the disease-causing organism.Vaccines can be life-saving, but there have been a few cases of people catching a disease from the administered vaccine.How might genetically engineered organisms solve this problem?
A
Disease-causing organisms could be genetically engineered to only be harmful to plants.
B
Harmless organisms could be genetically engineered to recognize and destroy random cells in the body.
C
Harmless organisms could be genetically engineered to have surface proteins from disease-causing organisms.
D
Disease-causing organisms could be genetically engineered to produce insulin instead of toxins.
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Vaccines expose you to a very small, very safe amount of viruses or bacteria that have been weakened or killed. Your immune system then learns to recognize and attack the infection if you are exposed to it later in life. As a result, you will not become ill, or you may have a milder infection.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vaccines contain killed, weakened, or synthetically manufactured versions of the disease-causing germ or parts of the germ called antigens. Some newer vaccines (e.g., COVID-19 mRNA vaccines) contain instructions for producing antigens rather than the antigen itself.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vaccines train your immune system to create antibodies, just as it does when it’s exposed to a disease. However, because vaccines contain only killed or weakened forms of germs like viruses or bacteria, they do not cause the disease or put you at risk of its complications.

Detailed explanation-4: -The term ‘vaccine’ is later coined, taken from the Latin word for cow, vacca. Read more about the history of Smallpox vaccination.

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