PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -All living organisms share some similarities in the chemical and structural properties of their DNA. These similarities allow scientists to transfer portions of DNA from one organism to another. The diagram below shows one process through which scientists transfer DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -Although each organism’s DNA is unique, all DNA is composed of the same nitrogen-based molecules.

Detailed explanation-3: -This is evolution. Many small DNA changes are kept when they help the animal live better in its environment. Eventually there are enough changes that it is a whole new animal. So remember, our DNA is so similar to other animals because we evolved from the same ancestor.

Detailed explanation-4: -DNA carries all the information for your physical characteristics, which are essentially determined by proteins. DNA contains the instructions for making a protein. In DNA, each protein is encoded by a gene (a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that specify how a single protein is to be made).