PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Crossing-over between non-sister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following? There is a reduction in the number of chromosomes in daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Crossing over is important for the normal segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Crossing over also accounts for genetic variation, because due to the swapping of genetic material during crossing over, the chromatids held together by the centromere are no longer identical.

Detailed explanation-3: -Crossing-over occurs during prophase I, and it is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. Recall during prophase I, homologous chromosomes line up in pairs, gene-for-gene down their entire length, forming a configuration with four chromatids, known as a tetrad.

Detailed explanation-4: -This process results in new combinations of alleles in the gametes (egg or sperm) formed, which ensures genomic variation in any offspring produced.

Detailed explanation-5: -The chromosomes cross over at points called chiasma. At each chiasma, the chromosomes break and rejoin, trading some of their genes. This recombination results in genetic variation.