PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters and recessive alleles are represented by lowercase letters. For example, blue eyes are a recessive trait and brown eyes are a dominant trait.

Detailed explanation-2: -When discussing genotype, biologists use uppercase letters to stand for dominant alleles and lowercase letters to stand for recessive alleles. With eye color, for instance, “B” stands for a brown allele and “b” stands for a blue allele.

Detailed explanation-3: -Recessive alleles are denoted by a lowercase letter (a versus A). Only individuals with an aa genotype will express a recessive trait; therefore, offspring must receive one recessive allele from each parent to exhibit a recessive trait.

Detailed explanation-4: -It is conventional in genetics to use capital letters to indicate dominant alleles and lower-case letters to indicate recessive alleles.