PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Nondisjunction in meiosis I occurs when the tetrads fail to separate during anaphase I. At the end of meiosis I, there will be 2 haploid daughter cells, one with n+1 and the other with n-1.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nondisjunction means that a pair of homologous chromosomes has failed to separate or segregate at anaphase so that both chromosomes of the pair pass to the same daughter cell. This probably occurs most commonly in meiosis, but it may occur in mitosis to produce a mosaic individual.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nondisjunction occurs when homologous chromosomes (meiosis I) or sister chromatids (meiosis II) fail to separate during meiosis. An individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species is called euploid; in humans, euploidy corresponds to 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis).

Detailed explanation-5: -Most numeric chromosomal abnormalities are caused by nondisjunction. Klinefelter syndrome (sex chromosome trisomy, XXY), Turner syndrome (monosomy X), and Down syndrome (trisomy 21) are all a result of nondisjunction. In conclusion, hermaphroditism (answer A) is NOT a result of nondisjunction.