PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found as small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules in bacteria; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms.

Detailed explanation-2: -In plant genetic engineering, the Ti plasmid can be used to carry foreign genes into plant cells. The Ti plasmid is the disease-causing agent of the soil-borne bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Detailed explanation-3: -A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plasmids can be copied numerous times, regardless of whether the bacterial host is replicating its own DNA, and every time a plasmid vector is replicated, so is the introduced DNA that it contains. They are circular.