PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Homologous chromosomes have the same genes arranged in the same order, but they have slightly different DNA sequences. Different versions of the same gene are called alleles (uh-LEELZ); homologous chromosomes often contain different alleles.

Detailed explanation-2: -The chromosomes in a homologous pair each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles. Some of the variants in these alleles might have functional implications while others will not.

Detailed explanation-3: -Because of the genetic recombination that occurs between homologous pairs at meiosis, the resulting haploid gametes contain chromosomes that are genetically different from each other.

Detailed explanation-4: -Heterozygous (and its less common form heterozygotic) means “relating to a cell that has two different alleles for a particular gene at corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.”

Detailed explanation-5: -In summary, homologs are similar because they carry the same genes in the same sequence. Homologous chromosomes are different because one of the pair contains paternally-derived alleles and the other contains maternally-derived alleles.