PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Meiotic nondisjunction errors are common in humans, resulting in aneuploidy, a term used when the total number of chromosomes in a cell is not an exact multiple of the haploid number. Aneuploidy usually involves a single chromosome, but in rare circumstances, may involve more than one.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nondisjunction occurs when homologous chromosomes (meiosis I) or sister chromatids (meiosis II) fail to separate during meiosis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Non-disjunction refers to the chromosomes failing to separate correctly, resulting in gametes with one extra, or one missing, chromosome (aneuploidy) The failure of chromosomes to separate may occur via: Failure of homologues to separate in Anaphase I (resulting in four affected daughter cells)

Detailed explanation-4: -Nondisjunction, in which chromosomes fail to separate equally, can occur in meiosis I (first row), meiosis II (second row), and mitosis (third row). These unequal separations can produce daughter cells with unexpected chromosome numbers, called aneuploids.