PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Reproductive cloning is defined as the deliberate production of genetically identical individuals. Each newly produced individual is a clone of the original. Monozygotic (identical) twins are natural clones.

Detailed explanation-2: -Organism cloning (also called reproductive cloning) refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. In essence this form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction, where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cloning is the process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism. Cloning happens all the time in nature. In biomedical research, cloning is broadly defined to mean the duplication of any kind of biological material for scientific study, such as a piece of DNA or an individual cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -To make a clone, scientists transfer the DNA from an animal’s somatic cell into an egg cell that has had its nucleus and DNA removed. The egg develops into an embryo that contains the same genes as the cell donor. Then the embryo is implanted into an adult female’s uterus to grow.

Detailed explanation-5: -All the individual belonging to a single clone are identical in genotype. The phenotypic variation present within a clone is due to the environment only. Clones are immortal i.e., a clone can be maintained indefinitely through asexual reproduction.