PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -People have different skin colors mainly because their melanocytes produce different amount and kinds of melanin. The genetic mechanism behind human skin color is mainly regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase, which creates the color of the skin, eyes, and hair shades.

Detailed explanation-2: -The amount of melanin in the skin, the amount of UV exposure, genetics, the quality of melanosomes, and pigments present in the skin all play a role in racial variation. The different colors present in human skin are caused by 4 chromophores: carotenoids, hemoglobin, melanin, and oxyhemoglobin.

Detailed explanation-3: -Skin color depends on the amount of the melanin (color pigment) in the skin. According to the International Federation of Pigment Cell Society, about 378 genes have been found to have an influence on human skin color.

Detailed explanation-4: -Additional associations with skin color were found in the OCA2 and HERC2 genes, which have been linked with skin, eye and hair color variation in Europeans, though the mutations identified are novel. Mutations in OCA2 also cause a form of albinism that is more common in Africans than in other populations.